Which type of schedule typically leads to the highest rate of response?

The variable ratio schedule is known for producing the highest rate of response among the various reinforcement schedules. This is primarily due to its unpredictable nature; in a variable ratio schedule, reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable number of responses. This uncertainty keeps the responder engaged and motivated, as they are incentivized to keep trying, never knowing when the next reinforcement will come.

For example, think of gambling, such as slot machines, where players are repeatedly rewarded after an unpredictable number of plays. The anticipation of a win can lead to sustained and high levels of responding, as players will continue to play in hopes of receiving a reward. This unpredictability creates excitement and can sustain behavior over a longer period.

In contrast, schedules like fixed interval or fixed ratio provide predictability, which can lead to pauses in behavior as individuals learn the timing of reinforcement. Continuous reinforcement, while effective for establishing a new behavior, does not maintain high rates of response as effectively as variable ratio. For these reasons, a variable ratio schedule results in the highest response rates.