Which situation exemplifies negative reinforcement?

Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior. In the context of the given situation, when someone wakes up and the loud alarm stops, this removal of the annoying sound encourages the behavior of waking up. The unpleasant stimulus (the loud alarm) is eliminated as a direct result of the person's action (waking up), reinforcing the behavior of waking up at that time in the future.

In contrast, giving extra homework for misbehavior adds an unpleasant consequence, while offering candy for completing chores introduces an additional pleasant stimulus. Similarly, taking away privileges for poor grades removes a positive aspect, which does not fit the definition of negative reinforcement. Thus, stopping the loud alarm when waking up effectively demonstrates negative reinforcement because it shows how the cessation of an aversive condition can promote good behavior.