When should Variable Schedules of Reinforcement be used?

Variable schedules of reinforcement are particularly effective for maintaining previously learned behaviors. This approach involves providing reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses or after varying intervals of time. Such variability creates a stronger resistance to extinction compared to fixed schedules where reinforcement occurs at predictable times or after a set number of responses.

When a behavior has already been established, using a variable schedule helps ensure that the behavior continues over time without being prompted by consistent external rewards. The unpredictability of reinforcement keeps individuals engaged, as they are more likely to persist in their behavior, hoping for the next reward. This is why variable schedules are often seen in scenarios such as gambling or certain types of games, where the intermittent rewards lead to sustained engagement and behavior continuation.

Other methods, like using fixed schedules or reinforcing every instance of behavior, may be more effective during the initial learning phases, but they do not create the same level of persistence as variable schedules once the behavior has been established.