How does extrinsic motivation differ from intrinsic motivation?

Extrinsic motivation is characterized by the drive to perform an activity in order to achieve external rewards or to avoid negative consequences. This type of motivation comes from outside the individual, such as receiving money, praise, grades, or awards. When individuals are motivated extrinsically, they engage in a behavior with the expectation of receiving something in return that is not inherently related to the task itself.

For example, a student might study hard for a test primarily to get a good grade or to avoid parental disapproval, rather than out of a genuine interest in the subject matter. Thus, external incentives play a crucial role in prompting the behavior.

In distinction to intrinsic motivation, which is fueled by internal satisfaction and the enjoyment of the activity itself, extrinsic motivation relies on tangible outcomes or factors outside the individual's personal satisfaction. This fundamental difference is crucial for understanding how different types of motivation can influence behavior and learning outcomes.